Russia recruits Yemeni mercenaries to fight in Ukraine | 俄罗斯招募也门雇佣军在乌克兰作战 - FT中文网
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乌克兰战争

Russia recruits Yemeni mercenaries to fight in Ukraine
俄罗斯招募也门雇佣军在乌克兰作战

Mysterious Houthi-linked company duping men into joining Moscow’s war machine
与胡塞武装有关的神秘公司诱骗男子加入莫斯科的战争机器。
A screen grab from a video shows Yemeni mercenaries in Ukraine in late September or early October
一段视频截图显示,也门雇佣兵在9月底或10月初出现在乌克兰
Russia’s armed forces have recruited hundreds of Yemeni men to fight in Ukraine, brought by a shadowy trafficking operation that highlights the growing links between Moscow and the Houthi rebel group.
俄罗斯武装部队招募了数百名也门前往乌克兰作战,通过一个神秘的贩运行动,这突显了莫斯科与胡塞叛军之间日益紧密的联系。
Yemeni recruits who travelled to Russia told the Financial Times they were promised high salaried employment and even Russian citizenship. When they arrived with the help of a Houthi-linked company, they were then forcibly inducted into the Russian army and sent to the front lines in Ukraine.
前往俄罗斯的也门新兵告诉英国《金融时报》,他们被承诺高薪工作,甚至获得俄罗斯公民身份。在一家与胡塞有关的公司的帮助下抵达后,他们被强行征召入俄罗斯军队,并被派往乌克兰前线。
The appearance of the rag tag group of — mainly involuntary — Yemeni mercenaries in Ukraine shows how the conflict is increasingly sucking in soldiers from abroad as casualties rise and the Kremlin tries to avoid a full mobilisation. They include mercenaries from Nepal and India and some 12,000 North Korean regular army troops who arrived to take part in combat against Ukrainian forces in the Russian province of Kursk.
一群主要是非自愿的也门雇佣兵在乌克兰的出现,显示了随着伤亡人数的增加,克里姆林宫试图避免全面动员,冲突正越来越多地吸引来自国外的士兵。这些士兵包括来自尼泊尔和印度的雇佣兵,以及约12,000名朝鲜正规军,他们抵达俄罗斯库尔斯克省参与与乌克兰军队的战斗。
The Yemeni recruitment effort also underscores how Russia, driven by its confrontation with the west, is growing closer to Iran and allied militant groups in the Middle East. The Houthis, a militant group backed by Tehran, disrupted global supply chains with a missile campaign targeting shipping in the Red Sea after the start of the war in Gaza last year.
也门招募行动也凸显出,俄罗斯在与西方对抗的推动下,正与伊朗及其在中东的盟友激进组织日益走近。去年加沙战争爆发后,由德黑兰支持的激进组织胡塞武装通过针对红海航运的导弹袭击扰乱了全球供应链。
US diplomats say the entente between the Kremlin and the Houthis, unimaginable before the war in Ukraine, is a sign of how far Russia is willing to go to extend that conflict into new theatres including the Middle East.
美国外交官表示,克里姆林宫与胡塞武装之间的协定在乌克兰战争之前是难以想象的,这表明俄罗斯愿意将冲突扩展到包括中东在内的新战场的程度。
US special envoy for Yemen Tim Lenderking confirmed Russia is actively pursuing contacts with the Houthis and discussing weapons transfers, though he declined to be more specific.
美国也门特使蒂姆•伦德金(Tim Lenderking)确认,俄罗斯正在积极与胡塞武装接触,并讨论武器转让,尽管他拒绝透露更多细节。
“We know that there are Russian personnel in Sana’a helping to deepen this dialogue,” he said. “The kinds of weapons that are being discussed are very alarming, and would enable the Houthis to better target ships in the Red Sea and possibly beyond.”
他说:“我们知道有俄罗斯人员在萨那协助深化这一对话。正在讨论的武器种类非常令人担忧,这将使胡塞武装能够更好地瞄准红海乃至更远海域的船只。”
Maged Almadhaji, the head of the Sana’a Center for Strategic Studies, a Yemen-focused think-tank, said Russia too is taking an interest “in any group in the Red Sea, or in the Middle East, that is hostile to the US”. He said that the mercenaries are organised by the Houthis as part of an effort to build links to Russia.
萨那战略研究中心主任马吉德•阿尔马达吉(Maged Almadhaji)表示,俄罗斯也对“红海或中东任何敌视美国的团体”感兴趣。他说,这些雇佣兵是由胡塞武装组织的,旨在与俄罗斯建立联系。
A spokesman for Ansar Allah, the official name for the Houthi movement, did not respond to a request for comment. Mohammed al Bukhaiti, a member of the Ansar Allah politburo, told the Russian news website Meduza earlier this month that they were in “constant contact” with the Russian leadership “to develop these relations in all areas, including economics, politics and the military”.
胡塞运动(Houthi movement)的官方名称安拉卫士(Ansar Allah)的发言人未回应置评请求。安拉卫士政治局成员穆罕默德•布赫蒂(Mohammed al Bukhaiti)本月早些时候告诉俄罗斯新闻网站Meduza,他们与俄罗斯领导层“保持着密切联系,以便在包括经济、政治和军事在内的所有领域发展这些关系”。
Few of the Yemeni mercenaries have any training and many do not want to be there, according to Farea al Muslimi, an expert on the Gulf region at Chatham House. “One thing Russia needs is soldiers, and it’s clear the Houthis are recruiting, [for them]” Muslimi said, describing it as an overture to Moscow. “Yemen is a pretty easy place to recruit. It is a very poor country.”
根据查塔姆研究所(Chatham House)的海湾地区专家法里亚•穆斯利米(Farea al Muslimi)的说法,也门的胡塞雇佣兵中很少有接受过训练的,许多人也不愿意在那里。穆斯利米表示:“俄罗斯需要士兵,而胡塞武装显然正在招募。”他将此描述为对莫斯科的示好。“也门是一个相当容易招募的地方。这是一个非常贫穷的国家。”
An example of the Russian contracts signed by Yemenis sent to Ukraine
也门人签署的俄罗斯合同示例,已发送至乌克兰
Contracts signed by the Yemenis, seen by the FT, listed a company founded by Abdulwali Abdo Hassan al-Jabri, a prominent Houthi politician. Registered in Salalah, Oman, the Al Jabri company’s registration documents identify it as a tour operator and retail supplier of medical equipment and pharmaceuticals.
英国《金融时报》看到的也门人签署的合同中列出了一家由著名胡塞政治家阿卜杜勒瓦利•阿卜杜•哈桑•阿尔贾布里(Abdulwali Abdo Hassan al-Jabri)创立的公司。阿尔贾布里公司在阿曼的萨拉拉注册,其注册文件显示它是一家旅游运营商和医疗设备及药品的零售供应商。
The recruitment of Yemeni soldiers appears to have begun as early as July. One enlistment contract seen by the FT was dated July 3, and was countersigned by the head of a selection centre for contract soldiers in the city of Nizhnii Novgorod.
也门士兵的招募似乎早在7月就已开始。英国《金融时报》看到的一份入伍合同日期为7月3日,并由下诺夫哥罗德(Nizhnii Novgorod)市合同士兵选拔中心的负责人会签。
One recruit called Nabil, who exchanged text messages with the FT, estimated that he was part of a group of around 200 Yemenis conscripted into the Russian army in September after arriving in Moscow.
一位名叫纳比尔的新兵与英国《金融时报》交换了短信,他估计自己是9月抵达莫斯科后被征召入伍的约200名也门中的一员。
While some were experienced fighters, many had no military training. They were tricked into travelling to Russia and signed enlistment contracts they could not read, he said.
他说,虽然有些人是经验丰富的战士,但许多人没有受过军事训练。他们被诱骗前往俄罗斯,并签署了他们无法阅读的入伍合同。
Nabil — who asked that his real name not be used — said he was lured by promises of lucrative employment in fields such as “security” and “engineering”, hoping to earn enough to complete his studies.
纳比尔要求不使用他的真实姓名,他说自己被“安全”和“工程”等领域的高薪工作承诺所吸引,希望能赚到足够的钱来完成学业。
A few weeks later, he was holed up with four other recently arrived Yemenis in a forest in Ukraine, dressed in military fatigues with Russian insignia, their faces masked by scarves. “We are under bombardment. Mines, drones, digging bunkers,” said one of the men in a video shared with the FT, adding that one colleague had attempted suicide and been taken to a hospital. 
几周后,他和另外四名刚到达的也门人躲藏在乌克兰的一片森林中,身穿带有俄罗斯徽章的军装,脸上蒙着围巾。在与英国《金融时报》分享的一段视频中,其中一名男子说:“我们正遭受轰炸。地雷、无人机、挖掘掩体。”他补充说,一名同事曾试图自杀并被送往医院。
The men in the video said they were carrying wooden planks through a mine-infested forest, apparently to build a bomb shelter. “We don’t even get five minutes to rest, we are so tired.”
视频中的男子们说,他们扛着木板穿过布满地雷的森林,显然是为了建造一个防空洞。“我们连五分钟的休息时间都没有,我们太累了。”
Another message sent a few days later said they had no winter clothes. Nabil’s uncle who lives in the UK said last week his nephew was recently injured and in hospital, but was unable to share more details.
几天后发送的另一条消息说他们没有冬衣。住在英国的纳比尔的叔叔上周说,他的侄子最近受伤住院,但无法透露更多细节。
Abdullah, another Yemeni who asked that his real name not be published, said he was promised a $10,000 bonus and $2,000 per month, plus eventual Russian citizenship, to work in Russia manufacturing drones.
另一位要求不透露真实姓名的也门人阿卜杜拉表示,他被承诺在俄罗斯制造无人机的工作中,每月获得2000美元和1万美元的奖金,并最终获得俄罗斯公民身份。
Arriving in Moscow on September 18, Abdullah said his group was forcibly taken from the airport to a facility in a place five hours from Moscow where a man, speaking in simple Arabic, fired a pistol over their heads when they refused to sign the enlistment contract, which was in Russian.
阿卜杜拉于9月18日抵达莫斯科时表示,他的团队被强行从机场带到距离莫斯科五小时车程的一个设施。在那里,一名用简单阿拉伯语说话的男子在他们拒绝签署俄文征兵合同时,朝他们头顶开了一枪。
“I signed it because I was scared,” he said. They were then put on buses to Ukraine, given rudimentary military training and sent to a military base near Rostov, near the Ukrainian border.
“我签字是因为我害怕,”他说。随后,他们被送上开往乌克兰的巴士,接受了基础的军事训练,并被送往靠近乌克兰边境的罗斯托夫附近的一个军事基地。
Many of the original group of arrivals died in Ukraine, Abdullah said, brought to the war by “scammers who traffic in human beings”. “It was all a lie.”
阿卜杜拉说,许多最初抵达的人在乌克兰丧生,他们是被“贩卖人口的骗子”带入战争的。“这一切都是谎言。”
Al Jabri General Trading & Investment Co SPC did not respond to several phone calls and emails sent to the address listed on its corporate registration documents. Al Jabri, its founder, was also unreachable on his phone number.
阿尔贾布里通用贸易和投资公司(Al Jabri General Trading & Investment Co SPC)未回复拨打至其公司注册文件上所列地址的多次电话和发送的电子邮件。其创始人阿尔贾布里的电话也无法接通。
Al Jabri is a prominent politician, and member of the Yemeni parliament which was split in 2015 by the civil war, during which he sided with the Houthis. He is a major general in the faction of the army allied with the Houthi Supreme Political Council, and was one of 174 Houthi leaders sentenced to death in absentia by a military court representing the pro-Saudi, UN-recognised government in Aden, in 2021 for his role in a Houthi-led coup in 2015.
阿尔贾布里是一位著名的政治家,也是2015年因内战而分裂的也门议会成员,内战期间他支持胡塞武装。他是与胡塞最高政治委员会(Houthi Supreme Political Council)结盟的军队派系中的一名少将,并因在2015年胡塞武装领导的政变中的作用,于2021年被亚丁亲沙特、联合国承认的政府的军事法庭缺席判处死刑,是174名被判处死刑的胡塞领导人之一。
The Houthis have sent at least two official delegations to Moscow this year, meeting with senior Kremlin officials such as Mikhail Bogdanov, the Kremlin’s envoy to the Middle East.
胡塞武装今年至少派遣了两个官方代表团前往莫斯科,会见了克里姆林宫中东特使米哈伊尔•勃格丹诺夫(Mikhail Bogdanov)等高级官员。
US diplomats have said Moscow provides a range of help to Houthis, including targeting data for some missile launches and has been discussing arms sales, including advanced anti-ship missiles, though experts say there is no evidence any weapons sales have gone ahead.
美国外交官表示,莫斯科向胡塞武装提供了一系列帮助,包括一些导弹发射的目标数据,并一直在讨论武器销售,包括先进的反舰导弹,尽管专家表示没有证据表明任何武器销售已经进行。
“We’ve seen report that there are discussions around [anti-ship missiles] and other types of lethal equipment that would augment what the Houthis are already able to do,” said Lenderking.
伦德金说:“我们看到有报道称,围绕[反舰导弹]和其他类型的致命装备进行了讨论,这些装备将增强胡塞武装已有的能力。”
On the subject of Russian recruitment of Yemeni mercenaries, Lenderking said he had seen reports. “I would say that it definitely concerns us,” he said. “It is part of this trend, and it’s not something that would necessarily surprise us.”
关于俄罗斯招募也门雇佣兵的问题,伦德金表示他已经看到了相关报道。他说:“我想说,这确实让我们感到担忧。这是这一趋势的一部分,并不一定会让我们感到惊讶。”
Yemen’s ambassador to Moscow Ahmed Salem Wahishi, who represents the Saudi-backed Yemeni government, referred questions about the Russian army’s recruitment of Yemenis to the embassy’s military attaché, who did not respond to phone calls and messages. 
也门驻莫斯科大使艾哈迈德•萨利姆•瓦希希(Ahmed Salem Wahishi)代表沙特支持的也门政府,将有关俄罗斯军队招募也门的问题转交给了大使馆的军事武官,但武官没有回复电话和信息。
Abdullah was one of 11 Yemenis who was allowed to leave Russia for Yemen via Oman earlier this month, thanks largely to the efforts of the International Federation of Yemeni Migrants, who put pressure on the Yemeni government after a public outcry. 
阿卜杜拉是本月早些时候获准经由阿曼离开俄罗斯前往也门的11名也门人之一,这在很大程度上要归功于国际也门移民联合会的努力,该联合会在公众强烈抗议后向也门政府施压。
Ali Al-Subahi, the chair of the Federation’s board, said “this is a humanitarian issue that unites all Yemenis, regardless of political affiliation”. He stressed that hundreds of Yemenis are still in Russia. “We are following up on their removal from the battlefields,” he said.
联邦董事会主席阿里•阿尔-苏巴希(Ali Al-Subahi)表示:“这是一个人道主义问题,团结了所有也门人,不论其政治立场如何。”他强调,仍有数百名也门人滞留在俄罗斯。他说:“我们正在跟进他们从战场撤离的情况。”
Additional reporting by Cynthia O’Murchu; video editing by Jamie Han
辛西娅•奥默楚(Cynthia O’Murchu)补充报道;视频编辑由杰米•韩(Jamie Han)负责
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